![]() We might be thinking, “This makes sense” or, conversely, “This is very odd.” Because everyone embodies biases and perspectives learned from widely diverse sets of life experiences, evaluations of the same message can vary widely from one listener to another. The fourth stage in the listening process is evaluating, or judging the value of the message. Impiari’s name reminds me of the Impala my father drives.”įinally, if understanding has been inaccurate, recollection of the message will be inaccurate too. “Emily,” you might say, “reminds me of the Emily I knew in middle school,” or “Mr. Instead of simply repeating a new acquaintance’s name over and over, for example, you might remember it by associating it with something in your own life. It’s also important to know that you can improve your memory of a message by processing it meaningfully-that is, by applying it in ways that are meaningful to you (Gluck, et al., 2008). Moreover, if something distracts your attention even for a moment, you could miss out on information that explains other new concepts you hear when you begin to listen fully again. Highly complex messages that are filled with detail call for highly developed listening skills. However, even when you are listening attentively, some messages are more difficult than others to understand and remember. Wolvin and Coakley note that the most common reason for not remembering a message after the fact is because it wasn’t really learned in the first place (Wolvin & Coakley, 1996). Remembering begins with listening if you can’t remember something that was said, you might not have been listening effectively. Therefore, at the understanding stage of listening we should be on the lookout for places where our perceptions might differ from those of the speaker. So much of the way we understand others is influenced by our own perceptions and experiences. Another student might instead think that to start early is to start on the Friday before the Monday due date instead of Sunday night. One student might interpret the advice to mean that as long as she gets started, the rest of the assignment will have time to develop itself. However, students in your class might misunderstand the instructor’s meaning in several ways. When your professor advises students to get an “early start” on your speech, he or she probably hopes that you will begin your research right away and move on to developing a thesis statement and outlining the speech as soon as possible. The consequences of ineffective listening in a classroom can be much worse. Everyone else understood that the meeting place was the “west side” location, but you wrongly understood it as the “east side” location and therefore missed out on part of the fun. Eventually you find out that your friends are at a different theater all the way across town where the same movie is playing. For example, say you have made plans with your friends to meet at a certain movie theater, but you arrive and nobody else shows up. For one thing, if a speaker does not enunciate clearly, it may be difficult to tell what the message was-did your friend say, “I think she’ll be late for class,” or “my teacher delayed the class”? Notice in Figure 4.3 “Stages of Feedback” that stages two, three, and four are represented by the brain because it is the primary tool involved with these stages of the listening process.Įven when we have understood the words in a message, because of the differences in our backgrounds and experience, we sometimes make the mistake of attaching our own meanings to the words of others. In the understanding stage, we attempt to learn the meaning of the message, which is not always easy. This is only one example of the ways that hearing alone can require sincere effort, but you must hear the message before you can continue the process of listening. In this example, our coauthor had difficulty receiving the message because of the external noise. ![]() When the candidate finally started speaking, the cheering and yelling was so loud that the candidate couldn’t be heard easily despite using a speaker system. ![]() One of the authors of this book recalls attending a political rally for a presidential candidate at which about five thousand people were crowded into an outdoor amphitheater. ![]() Notice in Figure 4.3 “Stages of Feedback” that this stage is represented by the ear because it is the primary tool involved with this stage of the listening process. At this stage, we are still only hearing the message. ![]() Receiving is the intentional focus on hearing a speaker’s message, which happens when we filter out other sources so that we can isolate the message and avoid the confusing mixture of incoming stimuli. ![]()
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